Which of the following can hydrogen bond with water?

The ability to hydrogen bond with water is largely determined by the presence of functional groups that can engage in such interactions. Alcohols and amines contain hydroxyl (-OH) and amino (-NH2) groups, respectively, which have a high electronegativity due to the attached oxygen and nitrogen atoms. These electronegative atoms can attract the hydrogen atoms of water molecules, forming hydrogen bonds.

In alcohols, the hydroxyl group allows for strong hydrogen bonding with water because the oxygen is highly polar, leading to a significant dipole. Similarly, amines can also hydrogen bond with water due to the nitrogen atom's electronegativity, although the interaction may not be as strong as with alcohols. These hydrogen bonds can significantly increase the solubility of alcohols and amines in water, making them more compatible with aqueous environments.

In contrast, hydrocarbons lack polar functional groups and primarily consist of nonpolar carbon and hydrogen bonds, which do not facilitate hydrogen bonding with water. Metals can interact with water through ionic or metallic interactions but do not engage in hydrogen bonding in the same way. While salts can dissociate in water to form ions that interact with water molecules, they do not hydrogen bond in the conventional sense like alcohols and am