What is the formula for calculating the heat energy absorbed or released?

The formula for calculating the heat energy absorbed or released, represented as ( q ), is ( q = mcΔT ). This equation effectively describes the relationship between heat transfer and temperature change in a substance.

In this equation:

• ( m ) is the mass of the substance, which indicates how much material is involved in the heat exchange.

• ( c ) is the specific heat capacity, a property that quantifies how much heat energy is required to raise the temperature of one gram of the substance by one degree Celsius (or one Kelvin). This value varies between different materials, reflecting how easily they can absorb or release heat.

• ( ΔT ) is the change in temperature, calculated as the final temperature minus the initial temperature. This term quantifies how much the temperature of the substance changes as it absorbs or releases heat.

This formula is particularly relevant in calorimetry and thermodynamics, where it is crucial to determine how much energy a given quantity of a substance will absorb or release as its temperature changes.

The other formulas represent different concepts:

• One pertains to heat based on enthalpy change and is used in chemical reactions, while others relate to potential energy and heat capacity at constant volume, respectively. Each of