What is a strong base?

A strong base is defined as a substance that completely ionizes in aqueous solution. When a strong base is added to water, it dissociates entirely into its constituent ions, resulting in a high concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in the solution. This full dissociation is what grants strong bases their ability to effectively increase the pH of a solution, making it very alkaline.

For example, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a common strong base, dissociates completely in water to produce sodium ions (Na⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻). This results in a high concentration of OH⁻ ions, which are responsible for the base's strong properties and ability to neutralize acids effectively.

Understanding this characteristic is crucial because it distinguishes strong bases from weak bases, which only partially ionize in solution, resulting in a lower concentration of hydroxide ions and a less pronounced effect on pH. The other options relate to different properties of acids and bases, underscoring the unique behavior of strong bases in solution.